Aristobulus of Chalcis (AD 54–92), a member of the Herodian dynasty, ruled Armenia Minor under Roman authority. He was appointed king by Emperor Claudius and later confirmed by Nero, as part of Rome’s strategy of placing loyal client rulers on the empire’s eastern frontier. Aristobulus’ reign was not that of an independent Armenian monarch but rather of a foreign dynast governing a small border territory distinct from Greater Armenia.
Aristobulus married Salome, daughter of Herodias and Herod Philip I, remembered in Christian tradition for her role in the story of John the Baptist. As queen consort, Salome appears alongside her husband on coinage from this period — a striking reminder of the political and dynastic symbolism embedded in ancient money. These coins not only reflected Roman influence in the region but also highlighted the Herodian dynasty’s prominence and its integration into Rome’s wider provincial framework.
This particular tetradrachm depicts Aristobulus of Chalcis with Queen Salome, offering valuable insight into the complex dynastic and political ties of Armenia Minor during the first century. While not representative of native Armenian kingship, such coins are essential for understanding the broader historical context of Armenia’s frontier role between Rome and the Parthian Empire.